The Battle Of Solway Moss
Solway Moss, also known as Solway Flow, is a moss (lowland peat bog), in the City of Carlisle in Cumbria, England near the Scottish border. As of 2005, the moss is the subject of a campaign by organisations including the RSPB and Friends of the Earth to get the area declared a Special Area of Conservation in order to prevent the destruction of the rare raised bog ecology [1]. It is located less than 1 mile (1.6 km) west of Longtown at grid referenceNY345690.
The Battle of Solway Moss took place on Solway Moss near the River Esk on the English side of the Anglo-Scottish Border in November 1542 between forces from England and Scotland. The battlefield is registered by English Heritage, and currently under research to be inventoried and protected by Historic Scotland under the Scottish Historical Environment Policy of 2009.
It was the location of the Battle of Solway Moss.
On 16 November 1771, during the night, Solway Moss burst, flooding local farms and settlements.[1]
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Coordinates: 55°00′40″N3°01′33″W / 55.011225°N 3.025749°W
References[edit]
- ^McEwen, Lindsey J.; Withers, Charles W. J. (1989). 'Historical records and geomorphological events: the 1771 'eruption' of Solway Moss'. Scottish Geographical Magazine. 105 (3): 149–157. doi:10.1080/14702548908554428.
Contents.BackgroundWhen broke from the Church, he asked, his nephew, to do the same. James ignored his uncle's request and further insulted him by refusing to meet with Henry at. Furious, Henry VIII sent troops against Scotland. In retaliation for the massive English raid into Scotland, James responded by assigning, the Scottish Warden of West March, the task of raising an army.
BattleOn 24 November 1542, an army of 15,000–18,000 Scots advanced into England. Lord Maxwell, though never officially designated commander of the force, declared he would lead the attack in person. A report of who was not present, and some later accounts say that in the absence of Maxwell, James V's, declared himself to be James's chosen commander.
According to this account of battle, the other commanders refused to accept his command and the command structure disintegrated. The English commanders and Sir William Musgrave made reports of the battle. William Musgrave reported that Maxwell was still in charge and fought with the rest of the Scottish nobles who were forced to dismount on the bank of the.The Scots advance into England was met near Solway Moss by Lord Wharton and his 3,000 men. The battle was uncoordinated and may be described as a rout. Sir Thomas Wharton described the battle as the overthrow of the Scots between the rivers Esk. The Scots, after the first encounter of a cavalry chase at 'Akeshawsill', now Oakshawhill, moved 'down' towards Howes. They found themselves penned in south of the Esk, on English territory between the river and the Moss, and so after intense fighting surrendered themselves and their 10 field guns to the English cavalry.
Wharton said the Scots were halted at the Sandy Ford by Arthuret mill dam. The Scots were 'beguiled by their own guiding', according to one Scottish writer. Several hundred of the Scots may have drowned in the marshes and river.James, who was not present at the battle (he had remained at ), withdrew to humiliated and ill with fever. The news that his wife had given birth to a daughter instead of a son further crushed his will to live, and he is reported to have stated that the House of Stewart 'came with a lass and will go with a lass'. He died at Falkland two weeks later at the age of thirty. According to George Douglas, in his delirium he lamented the capture of his banner and Oliver Sinclair at Solway Moss more than his other losses. AftermathGervase Phillips has estimated that only about 7 Englishmen and 20 Scots were killed but 1,200 Scottish prisoners were taken, including Sinclair, the Earls of,.
Prisoners taken to England included, and Stewart of Rosyth. A number of captured Scottish earls, lords and lairds were released; they sent hostages, called 'pledges' into England in their place.
On 14 December 1542, Thomas Wharton's report of the battle was read to, and they ordered that Scottish prisoners entering London should wear a red. Among the captured guns were four with the cast cipher of 'JRS' for 'Jacobus Rex Scotorum' and the Scottish royal arms with an imperial crown.reported that the Scottish prisoners attended Henry's court on Christmas Day wearing swords and dirks. They were able to talk to the French ambassador and Henry gave them each a present of a gold chain. These hostages and prisoners were mostly well treated in England, as it was hoped that when they returned to Scotland after their ransoms were paid, they would further the English cause. Some of the high-ranking prisoners taken at the battle were exchanged for their 'pledges' at Carlisle on 10 January 1543. Chapuys said the return of some prisoners was prevented at this time by the Scottish government which claimed they were traitors for losing the battle, or suspected they were now being influenced by Henry. As their families were arrested, these prisoners could not provide their pledges and stayed on the border at.However, a modern historian sees the battle and hostage-taking more as the culmination of James V's war rather than the beginning of Henry VIII's.
He notes that the capture of so many Scottish nobles at the time of the birth and accession of did not affect Henry's policy or the Scottish lords's subsequent rejection of the in December 1543. ↑. ↑ Phillips, p. 153. Cameron, Jamie, James V, The Personal Rule, Tuckwell (1998), 318.
Historic Scotland. Retrieved 12 April 2012. Phillips, p. 150. Phillips, p.
151. Cameron, James V, Tuckwell, (1998), 321: 307–308. Cameron, (1998), 318: Letters & Papers Henry VIII, vol.17 (1900), no.1142 (2): Hamilton Papers, vol.1, no.lxxxiii. Diurnal (1833), 25: Cameron (1998), 320. Bain, JS., ed., The Hamilton Papers, vol. 1, Edinburgh, (1890), 338.
PSAS, (1854–7), 238–42: State Papers Henry, vol. 5 (1836), 232–235: Letters & Papers, (1900), no. 1143. Lodge, Edmund, Illustrations of British History, vol.
1 (1791), no. 19, 37–43, gives names of prisoners and pledges. Letters & Papers Henry VIII, vol.17 (1900), no.1143, additional prisoners names.
Acts of the Privy Council of England, vol. 1 (1890), 63, 69.
Calendar State Papers Spanish, vol.6 part 2 (1895), p.222, 228 no.94. Merriman, Marcus, The Rough Wooings, Tuckwell (2000), 81–82. Hamilton Papers, vol.1, p.xcviii. pp.45–50 no.XIX & note, Talbot, vol.B, fol.143.References., pp.lxxiii-lxxvi, Wharton's report.
Cameron, Jamie, James V, The Personal Rule, Tuckwell (1998), 314–322. UK Battlefields Resource Centre.
Metal slug attack deviantart. Retrieved 8 February 2010., ed. Thomas Thomson, Bannatyne Club (1833), 25. Phillips, Gervase, The Anglo-Scots Wars, 1513–1550, Boydell Press, 1999,., 1542, vol. 17, (1900).
Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries Scotland, vol. 2, (1854–7), 238–42, (PDF). State Papers of Henry VIII, vol.5, (part IV part 2), Record Commission (1836)External links.